Gadolinium and europium catalyzed growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes
نویسندگان
چکیده
The inner transition metals, gadolinium (Gd) and europium (Eu) have been shown to catalyze the growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) using chemical vapor deposition. The Gd and Eu nanocatalysts, prepared using a diblock copolymer templating method and characterized by atomic force microscopy, were uniformly spaced over a large deposition area with an average diameter of 1.9 nm and narrow size distribution. Characterization by transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy confirms the presence of SWCNTs catalyzed by Gd and Eu with an average diameter of 2.05 nm. 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) possess a number of interesting and unique physio-chemical properties suitable for a wide range of applications in material and biomedical sciences [1]. Understanding the synthesis/growth of SWCNTs is key to their technological development and remains a significant scientific challenge [2]. There are various 0008-6223/$ see front matter 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserv doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2009.07.021 * Corresponding author: Fax: +1 631 632 8577. E-mail address: [email protected] (B. Sitharama techniques used for the growth of SWCNTs including arc discharge, laser ablation, and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) [3]. Among these techniques, CVD is the most powerful and versatile method allowing large scale synthesis of high quality SWCNTs. This process utilizes metal nanoparticles as catalysts to allow carbon feedstock cracking, nucleation, and
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